What Causes a Pipe to Burst? 5 Common Culprits
Burst pipes can cause significant damage and costly repairs to your home. Understanding the common causes of this issue is crucial so that homeowners can take preventive measures.
While some causes might seem unavoidable, being informed can help in early detection and timely intervention.
In this article, we will explore five culprits behind burst water pipes. From the impact of local climate conditions to the importance of proper installation, we’ll cover everything you need to know to keep your plumbing in top shape and avoid the stress of unexpected pipe failures.
1. Extreme Temperature Changes
While Australia is generally known for its warm climate, certain areas do experience extreme temperature drops during the winter months. These sudden changes can wreak havoc on your plumbing system. Here’s how:
- Expansion and contraction: Water inside pipes can freeze when the temperature plummets, particularly in uninsulated or exposed areas. Frozen water expands, putting immense pressure on the pipes. This expansion can cause pipes to crack and eventually burst.
- Material stress: Pipes are designed to withstand a certain range of temperatures, but extreme cold can cause materials like PVC, copper, or steel to become brittle and more susceptible to cracking under pressure.
- Preventive tips:
- Insulate your pipes: Especially those in vulnerable areas like attics, basements, and external walls.
- Drip your taps: Allowing a slight drip can relieve pressure build-up within the pipes.
- Regular checks: Before winter hits, have a professional inspect your plumbing system to identify areas at risk of freezing.
Understanding and mitigating the risks associated with extreme temperature changes can help prevent the inconvenience and expense of burst pipes.
2. High Water Pressure
Excessively high water pressure can stress pipes, leading to bursts. In residential settings, high water pressure is often caused by faulty pressure regulators or issues with the municipal water supply. When water pressure exceeds safe levels, it can weaken pipes and joints, making them prone to bursting.
Homeowners should monitor their water pressure regularly. A simple pressure gauge, available at most hardware stores, can help detect high pressure. Ideally, residential water pressure should be between 40 and 60 psi. If readings are consistently higher, installing a pressure-reducing valve can protect your plumbing system.
You should also be aware of the signs of excessive water pressure, such as:
- Banging pipes
- Dripping taps
- Unusually strong water flow
Addressing these symptoms early can prevent significant damage and costly repairs. Ensuring your home’s water pressure remains within safe limits is a proactive step in maintaining a healthy plumbing system.
3. Corrosion and Material Degradation
Corrosion is another way to cause a burst pipe, particularly in older homes. Over time, pipes can corrode due to various factors, including water quality and the materials used in the plumbing system. Corroded pipes become weak and prone to leaks and bursts, posing a significant risk to residential properties.
Water quality plays a crucial role in the rate of corrosion. High levels of minerals or acidity can accelerate the degradation of pipes. Homeowners should be aware of the water composition in their area and consider water treatment options if necessary. Additionally, inspecting pipes regularly for signs of rust or discolouration can help in early detection.
Different water pipe materials have varying lifespans and susceptibility to corrosion. For example, older homes may have metal pipes or galvanised steel pipes, which are more prone to rusting compared to modern copper or PVC pipes. Being proactive in replacing ageing pipes and using corrosion-resistant materials can significantly reduce the risk of burst pipes due to corrosion.
4. Tree Root Intrusion
Tree roots seeking moisture can be a surprising and destructive cause of burst pipes.
Here’s why this happens and what you can do about it:
- Root growth: As trees grow, their roots extend into the soil, searching for water. If a pipe has even a small leak or condensation, it can attract roots, which may eventually wrap around or penetrate the pipe.
- Pipe damage: Once inside, these roots can expand and exert pressure on the pipe, leading to cracks or complete bursts. This is particularly common with older clay or concrete pipes but can also affect PVC pipes.
- Prevention and maintenance:
- Regular inspections: Schedule annual inspections with a plumber who can use cameras to check for root intrusion.
- Barrier creation: Consider installing physical barriers that redirect roots deeper into the soil and away from pipelines.
- Choose your plants wisely: When landscaping, select plants with less aggressive root systems, or plant larger trees further away from your home’s plumbing lines.
Addressing tree root intrusions early can save you from unexpected plumbing disasters and ensure your home’s pipes remain intact.
5. Ageing Pipes
Ageing pipes are a common cause of bursts in older residential homes. Over time, pipes naturally degrade, becoming more susceptible to cracks, leaks, and bursts. The materials used in plumbing systems have varying lifespans, and as they age, their structural integrity diminishes.
Older pipes made from galvanised steel or iron are particularly prone to corrosion and wear. These materials, once considered durable, can deteriorate significantly over decades. Homeowners should be aware of the age and material of their plumbing systems and consider upgrading to modern, more resilient options.
Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial for detecting signs of aging pipes. Look out for discolouration, rust, or reduced water pressure, which can indicate deteriorating pipes. Proactively replacing old pipes before they fail can prevent the extensive damage and inconvenience of burst pipes, ensuring a safer and more reliable plumbing system.
Keep Your Water Flowing Smoothly
Understanding the common causes of burst pipes is essential for maintaining a safe and efficient plumbing system in your home. From freezing temperatures and high water pressure to corrosion, tree root intrusion, and ageing pipes, each factor presents unique challenges that require proactive measures.
Regular maintenance, early detection, and professional advice can significantly reduce the risk of pipe bursts. By staying informed and vigilant, homeowners can prevent the stress and expense associated with unexpected plumbing failures. Keep your home’s plumbing in top condition to ensure peace of mind and avoid costly repairs.
Please note: This information is provided for advice purposes only. Regulations differ from state to state, so please consult your local authorities or an industry professional before proceeding with any work. See Cyber Plumbers’ Terms & Conditions here.
